Elastic Smart Contracts in Blockchains

Schahram Dustdar; Pablo Fernández; José María García; Antonio Ruiz-Cortés

doi:10.1109/JAS.2021.1004222

Volume 8 Issue 12

Dec. 2021

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

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S. Dustdar, P. Fernández, J. M. García, and A. Ruiz-Cortés, "Elastic Smart Contracts in Blockchains," IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1901-1912, Dec. 2021. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2021.1004222

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S. Dustdar, P. Fernández, J. M. García, and A. Ruiz-Cortés, "Elastic Smart Contracts in Blockchains," IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1901-1912, Dec. 2021. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2021.1004222

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Elastic Smart Contracts in Blockchains

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2021.1004222

1.
Distributed Systems Group, Vienna University of Technology, Wien 1040, Austria
2.
Smart Computer Systems Research and Engineering Lab, Research Institute of Computer Engineering, University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain

Funds: This work was partially supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación under project HORATIO (RTI2018-101204-B-C21), by Junta de Andalucía under projects APOLO (US-1264651) and EKIPMENT-PLUS (P18-FR-2895), and by the TU Wien Research Cluster Smart CT

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Author Bio:
Schahram Dustdar (F’16) is Full Professor of computer science heading the Research Division of Distributed Systems at the TU Wien, Austria. He is founding Co-Editor-in-Chief of the new ACM Transactions on Internet of Things (ACM TIoT) as well as Editor-in-Chief of Computing (Springer). He is an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Services Computing, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, ACM Transactions on the Web, and ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, as well as on the editorial board of IEEE Internet Computing and IEEE Computer. Dustdar is Recipient of the ACM Distinguished Scientist Award (2009), the IBM Faculty Award (2012), an Elected Member of the Academia Europaea: The Academy of Europe, where he is Chairman of the Informatics Section, as well as an IEEE Fellow

Pablo Fernández received the Ph.D. on technology and software engineering from the University of Sevilla, Spain, in 2013. Since 2019 he has been an Associate Professor with the Applied Software Engineering Group, Smart Computer Systems Research and Engineering Lab, Research Institute of Computer Engineering, University of Sevilla, Spain. His current research is focused on the automated governance of organizations and infrastructures based on service level agreements and commitments

José María García received the M.Sc. degree (Hons.) in computer science and software engineering from the University of Sevilla, Spain, in 2008, and the Ph.D. on technology and software engineering from the same university in 2012.From 2006 to 2013, he was a Research Assistant with the University of Sevilla. From 2013 to 2015, he was a Postdoc Researcher and Assistant Professor with the Semantics Technology Institute of the University of Innsbruck, Austria. In 2015, he rejoined the University of Sevilla as Assistant Professor, and since 2019 he has been an Associate Professor with the Applied Software Engineering Group, Smart Computer Systems Research and Engineering Lab, Research Institute of Computer Engineering, University of Sevilla, Spain. His research focus is on blockchain, semantic web technologies, service-oriented architectures and linked data

Antonio Ruiz-Cortés (M’20) received the B.Sc. degree (Extraordinary Award) in computer science from the University of Sevilla, Spain, in 1992, and the M. Sc. and Ph. D. degrees (Extraordinary Award) on informatics engineering from the same university in 1996 and 2002, respectively.From 1990 to 1998, he was in the Computer Industry. From 1996 to 1998, he was a Part Time Lecturer with the University of Huelva. In 1998 he joined the University of Sevilla as Full Time Lecturer. In 2004 he founded the Applied Software Engineering Group at the University of Sevilla. Since 2016 he has been a Full Professor of software and service engineering and since 2019 he heads the SCORE Lab at the University of Sevilla. His current research focuses on service-oriented computing, business process management, testing and software product lines. Prof. Ruiz-Cortés is Elected Member of the Academy of Europe and since 2018, President of the Spanish Society on Software Engineering (SISTEDES). He is also an Associate Editor of Springer Computing and International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems; and Recipient of the Most Influential Paper of SPLC (2017) and VAMOS Award (2020)
Corresponding author: José María García, e-mail: josemgarcia@us.es
¹ https://ipfs.io/
² The prototype implementation and experiments launcher can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4095100³ The complete experimental results obtained can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4267996
The complete experimental results obtained can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4267996
Received Date: 2020-11-14
Revised Date: 2021-03-26
Accepted Date: 2021-06-27

Available Online: 2021-07-19

Abstract

Abstract

In this paper, we deal with questions related to blockchains in complex Internet of Things (IoT)-based ecosystems. Such ecosystems are typically composed of IoT devices, edge devices, cloud computing software services, as well as people, who are decision makers in scenarios such as smart cities. Many decisions related to analytics can be based on data coming from IoT sensors, software services, and people. However, they are typically based on different levels of abstraction and granularity. This poses a number of challenges when multiple blockchains are used together with smart contracts. This work proposes to apply our concept of elasticity to smart contracts and thereby enabling analytics in and between multiple blockchains in the context of IoT. We propose a reference architecture for Elastic Smart Contracts and evaluate the approach in a smart city scenario, discussing the benefits in terms of performance and self-adaptability of our solution.
- Blockchain,
- elasticity,
- Internet of Things (IoT),
- smart cities,
- smart contracts,
- virtual chains

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¹ https://ipfs.io/
² The prototype implementation and experiments launcher can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4095100³ The complete experimental results obtained can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4267996
The complete experimental results obtained can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4267996

References(17)

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We discuss integration and elasticity concerns for smart contracts in blockchains.
We present a reference architecture for Elastic Smart Contracts.
The evaluation in an IoT-based smart city scenario shows its effectiveness.

Elastic Smart Contracts in Blockchains

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2021.1004222

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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