Securing Parked Vehicle Assisted Fog Computing With Blockchain and Optimal Smart Contract Design

Xumin Huang; Dongdong Ye; Rong Yu; Lei Shu

doi:10.1109/JAS.2020.1003039

Volume 7 Issue 2

Mar. 2020

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

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Article Navigation > IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica > 2020 > 7(2): 426-441

Xumin Huang, Dongdong Ye, Rong Yu and Lei Shu, "Securing Parked Vehicle Assisted Fog Computing With Blockchain and Optimal Smart Contract Design," IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 426-441, Mar. 2020. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2020.1003039

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Xumin Huang, Dongdong Ye, Rong Yu and Lei Shu, "Securing Parked Vehicle Assisted Fog Computing With Blockchain and Optimal Smart Contract Design," IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 426-441, Mar. 2020. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2020.1003039

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Securing Parked Vehicle Assisted Fog Computing With Blockchain and Optimal Smart Contract Design

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2020.1003039

Funds: This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61971148), the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (2015B010129001), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province (2018GXNSFDA281013), the Foundation for Science and Technology Project of Guilin City (20190214-3), and the Key Science and Technology Project of Guangxi (AA18242021)

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Author Bio:
Xumin Huang (M’19) received the Ph.D. degree from Guangdong University of Technology, in 2019. He is currently a postdoctoral with Guangdong University of Technology, China. His research interests include network performance analysis, simulation, and enhancement in wireless communications and networking

Dongdong Ye received the M.S. degree in 2018 from Guangdong University of Technology, where he is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree. His research interests include game theory, resource management in wireless communications and networking, and data sharing and trading

Rong Yu (M’08) received the B.S. degree in communication engineering from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, in 2002 and Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering from Tsinghua University, in 2007, respectively. From 2007 to 2010, he worked in the School of Electronic and Information Engineering at South China University of Technology. In 2010, he joined the School of Automation at Guangdong University of Technology, where he is currently a Professor. His research interests include wireless networking and mobile computing such as mobile cloud, edge computing, deep learning, connected vehicles, smart grid and internet of things. He is the author or co-author of over 100 international journal and conference papers and the co-inventor of over 50 patents in China. He was a member of the Home Networking Standard Committee in China, where he led the standardization work of three standards

Lei Shu (M’07–SM’15) received the B.Sc. degree in computer science from the South Central University for Nationalities, in 2002, the M.Sc. degree in computer engineering from Kyung Hee University, South Korea, in 2005, and the Ph.D. degree from the Digital Enterprise Research Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, in 2010. Until 2012, he was a specially assigned researcher with the Department of Multimedia Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Japan. He is currently a Distinguished Professor with Nanjing Agricultural University, China, and a Lincoln Professor with the University of Lincoln, U.K. He is also the Director of the NAU-Lincoln Joint Research Center of Intelligent Engineering. He has published over 400 papers in related conferences, journals, and books in the area of sensor networks. His research interest include the wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things. He has served as a TPC Member of more than 150 conferences, including ICDCS, DCOSS, MASS, ICC, Globecom, ICCCN, WCNC, and ISCC. He received the Globecom 2010, ICC 2013, ComManTel 2014, WICON 2016, and SigTelCom 2017 Best Paper Awards, the 2014 Top Level Talents in “Sailing Plan” of Guangdong, China, and the 2015 Outstanding Young Professor of Guangdong, the 2017 and 2018 IEEE Systems Journal Best Paper Awards, the 2017 Journal of Network and Computer Applications Best Research Paper Award, and the Outstanding Associate Editor Award of the 2017 IEEE Access. He has served as the CoChair for international conferences/workshops, more than 50 times, including the IWCMC, ICC, ISCC, ICNC, and Chinacom, especially the Symposium Co-Chair for IWCMC 2012 and ICC 2012, the General Co-Chair for the Chinacom 2014, Qshine 2015, Collaboratecom 2017, DependSys 2018, SCI 2019, and the TPC Chair for the InisCom 2015, NCCA 2015, WICON 2016, NCCA 2016, Chinacom 2017, InisCom 2017, WMNC 2017, and NCCA 2018. His H-index is 54 and i10-index is 197 in Google Scholar Citation. He has been serving as an Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, IEEE Communications Magazine, IEEE Network Magazine, IEEE Systems Journal, IEEE Access, IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, Sensors, and so on
Corresponding author: R. Yu is with the School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, and also with Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510006, China (e-mail:yurong@ieee.org)
Received Date: 2019-09-01
Revised Date: 2019-11-18
Accepted Date: 2020-02-06

Available Online: 2020-02-13

Abstract

Abstract

Vehicular fog computing (VFC) has been envisioned as an important application of fog computing in vehicular networks. Parked vehicles with embedded computation resources could be exploited as a supplement for VFC. They cooperate with fog servers to process offloading requests at the vehicular network edge, leading to a new paradigm called parked vehicle assisted fog computing (PVFC). However, each coin has two sides. There is a follow-up challenging issue in the distributed and trustless computing environment. The centralized computation offloading without tamper-proof audit causes security threats. It could not guard against false-reporting, free-riding behaviors, spoofing attacks and repudiation attacks. Thus, we leverage the blockchain technology to achieve decentralized PVFC. Request posting, workload undertaking, task evaluation and reward assignment are organized and validated automatically through smart contract executions. Network activities in computation offloading become transparent, verifiable and traceable to eliminate security risks. To this end, we introduce network entities and design interactive smart contract operations across them. The optimal smart contract design problem is formulated and solved within the Stackelberg game framework to minimize the total payments for users. Security analysis and extensive numerical results are provided to demonstrate that our scheme has high security and efficiency guarantee.
- Blockchain,
- parked vehicle,
- smart contract,
- Stackelberg game,
- vehicular fog computing (VFC)

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References

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Highlights

Parked Vehicle assisted Fog Computing (PVFC) is introduced to exploit numerous parked vehicles with embedded computation resources as a great supplement for Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC).
PVFChain with an optimal smart contract design is further proposed to conduct offloading services in a totally decentralized way. Finally, the scheme improves the network security and efficiency by leveraging the blockchain technology.
Request posting, workload undertaking, task evaluation and reward assignment are organized and validated automatically through smart contract executions. The optimal smart contract design problem is also formulated and solved within the Stackelberg game framework to minimize service fee for users and enrich user satisfaction in computation offloading.

Securing Parked Vehicle Assisted Fog Computing With Blockchain and Optimal Smart Contract Design

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2020.1003039

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