Distributed Control of Multiple-Bus Microgrid With Paralleled Distributed Generators

Bo Fan; Jiangkai Peng; Jiajun Duan; Qinmin Yang; Wenxin Liu

doi:10.1109/JAS.2019.1911477

Volume 6 Issue 3

May 2019

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

JCR Impact Factor: 15.3, Top 1 (SCI Q1)

CiteScore: 23.5, Top 2% (Q1)
Google Scholar h5-index: 77， TOP 5

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica > 2019 > 6(3): 676-684

Bo Fan, Jiangkai Peng, Jiajun Duan, Qinmin Yang and Wenxin Liu, "Distributed Control of Multiple-Bus Microgrid With Paralleled Distributed Generators," IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 676-684, May 2019. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2019.1911477

Citation:

Bo Fan, Jiangkai Peng, Jiajun Duan, Qinmin Yang and Wenxin Liu, "Distributed Control of Multiple-Bus Microgrid With Paralleled Distributed Generators," IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 676-684, May 2019. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2019.1911477

Citation:

PDF( 7210 KB)

Distributed Control of Multiple-Bus Microgrid With Paralleled Distributed Generators

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2019.1911477

1.
State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2.
Smart Microgrid and Renewable Technology (SMRT) Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA
3.
Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute North America (GEIRINA), San Jose, CA 95134 USA

Funds:

the US Office of Naval Research N00014-16-1-312

the US Office of Naval Research N00014-18-1-2185

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 61673347

the National Natural Science Foundation of China U1609214

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 61751205

More Information

Author Bio:

Bo Fan (S'15) received the B.S. degree in automation from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2014, where he is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in control science and engineering. He is a member of the Group of Networked Sensing and Control (IIPC-NeSC), State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University. His research interests include distributed control, nonlinear systems, and renewable energy systems. (e-mail: kanade@zju.edu.cn)

Jiangkai Peng (S'16) received the B.Eng. (Hons) degree in electronics and electrical engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, and South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, in 2016. Currently, he is pursuing the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA. His research interests include microgrid, power electronics control system, and power system. (e-mail: jip216@lehigh.edu)

Jiajun Duan (S'14) received the B.S. degree in power system and automation from Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, in 2013, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. Currently, he is a Post-doctoral Researcher in Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute North America (GEIRINA), San Jose, CA, USA. His research interests include power system, power electronics, control systems, machine learning, and deep learning. (e-mail: jiajunduan.ee@gmail.com)

Qinmin Yang (S'05-M'10-SM'18) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China, in 2001, the M.S. degree in control science and engineering from the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2004, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO, USA, in 2007. From 2007 to 2008, he was a Post-doctoral Research Associate at University of Missouri-Rolla. In 2008, he was a system engineer with Caterpillar Inc. From 2009 to 2010, he was a Post-doctoral Research Associate at University of Connecticut. Since 2010, he has been with the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, the College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, China, where he is currently a Professor. His research interests include intelligent control, renewable energy systems, smart grid, and industrial big data. (e-mail: qmyang@zju.edu.cn)

Wenxin Liu (S'01-M'05-SM'14) received the B.S. degree in industrial automation and the M.S. degree in control theory and applications from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 1996 and 2000, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Missouri University of Science and Technology (formerly University of MissouriRolla), Rolla, MO, USA, in 2005. From 2005 to 2009, he was an Assistant Scholar Scientist with the Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA. From 2009 to 2014, he was an Assistant Professor with the Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA. His research interests include power systems, power electronics, and controls. Dr. Liu is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, an Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, and Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology. (e-mail: wliu@lehigh.edu)
Corresponding author:
Qinmin Yang, e-mail: qmyang@zju.edu.cn
Received Date: 2018-10-03
Revised Date: 2018-12-27
Accepted Date: 2019-01-13

Abstract

Abstract

A microgrid is hard to control due to its reduced inertia and increased uncertainties. To overcome the challenges of microgrid control, advanced controllers need to be developed. In this paper, a distributed, two-level, communication-economic control scheme is presented for multiple-bus microgrids with each bus having multiple distributed generators (DGs) connected in parallel. The control objective of the upper level is to calculate the voltage references for one-bus subsystems. The objectives of the lower control level are to make the subsystems' bus voltages track the voltage references and to enhance load current sharing accuracy among the local DGs. Firstly, a distributed consensus-based power sharing algorithm is introduced to determine the power generations of the subsystems. Secondly, a discrete-time droop equation is used to adjust subsystem frequencies for voltage reference calculations. Finally, a Lyapunov-based decentralized control algorithm is designed for bus voltage regulation and proportional load current sharing. Extensive simulation studies with microgrid models of different levels of detail are performed to demonstrate the merits of the proposed control scheme.
- Coordinate control,
- decentralized control,
- multiple-bus microgrid,
- paralleled distributed generations,
- power sharing algorithm

FullText(HTML)

References(36)

References

[1]	Y. Luo, S. Srivastava, M. Andrus, and D. Cartes, "Application of disturbance metrics for reducing impacts of energy storage charging in an MVDC based IPS," in Proc. IEEE Electric Ship Tech. Symposium (ESTS). IEEE, 2013, pp. 287-291.
[2]	Y. Luo, C. Wang, L. Tan, G. Liao, M. Zhou, D. Cartes, and W. Liu, "Application of generalized predictive control for charging super capacitors in microgrid power systems under input constraints," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Cyber Tech. Autom. Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2015, pp. 1708-1713.
[3]	D. E. Olivares, A. Mehrizi-Sani, A. H. Etemadi, C. A. Canizares, R. Iravani, M. Kazerani, A. H. Hajimiragha, O. Gomis-Bellmunt, M. Saeedifard, R. Palma-Behnke et al., "Trends in microgrid control," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1905-1919, 2014. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2295514
[4]	J. Zhao, X. Lyu, Y. Fu, X. Hu, and F. Li, "Coordinated microgrid frequency regulation based on DFIG variable coefficient using virtual inertia and primary frequency control," IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 833-845, 2016. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=2755be62c42c2f133d7c678e6c1c2706
[5]	Y. Fu, L. Huang, H. Zhang, Y. Mi, J. Zhao, and F. Li, "DFIG virtual inertia control in micro-grid based on setting trigger condition and ZN method for parameters optimization," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 11, no. 15, pp. 3765-3775, 2017.
[6]	A. J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation, and Control. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1996.
[7]	J. Liu, Y. Miura, and T. Ise, "Comparison of dynamic characteristics between virtual synchronous generator and droop control in inverter-based distributed generators," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3600-3611, 2016. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2465852
[8]	A. Bidram, F. L. Lewis, and A. Davoudi, "Distributed control systems for small-scale power networks: using multiagent cooperative control theory," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 56-77, 2014. doi: 10.1109/MCS.2014.2350571
[9]	Y. Xu, W. Zhang, W. Liu, X. Wang, F. Ferrese, C. Zang, and H. Yu, "Distributed subgradient-based coordination of multiple renewable generators in a microgrid," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 23-33, 2014. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2281038
[10]	W. Meng, X. Wang, and S. Liu, "Distributed load sharing of an inverter-based microgrid with reduced communication," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1354-1364, 2018. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2587685
[11]	Z. Wang, W. Wu, and B. Zhang, "A fully distributed power dispatch method for fast frequency recovery and minimal generation cost in autonomous microgrids," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 19-31, 2016. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2493638
[12]	A. Maknouninejad, Z. Qu, F. L. Lewis, and A. Davoudi, "Optimal, nonlinear, and distributed designs of droop controls for DC microgrids," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 2508-2516, 2014. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2325855
[13]	H. Cai, G. Hu, F. L. Lewis, and A. Davoudi, "A distributed feedforward approach to cooperative control of AC microgrids," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 4057-4067, 2016. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2507199
[14]	H. Xin, Y. Liu, Z. Qu, and D. Gan, "Distributed control and generation estimation method for integrating high-density photovoltaic systems," IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 988-996, 2014. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2014.2357689
[15]	L. -L. Fan, V. Nasirian, H. Modares, F. L. Lewis, Y. -D. Song, and A. Davoudi, "Game-theoretic control of active loads in DC microgrids," IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 882-895, 2016. doi: 10.1109/TEC.2016.2543229
[16]	M. Hamzeh, H. Karimi, and H. Mokhtari, "Harmonic and negative-sequence current control in an islanded multi-bus MV microgrid," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 167-176, 2014. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2013.2263842
[17]	M. Hamzeh, H. Karimi, and H. Mokhtari, "A new control strategy for a multi-bus MV microgrid under unbalanced conditions," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 2225-2232, 2012. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2193906
[18]	J. Chavarria, D. Biel, F. Guinjoan, C. Meza, and J. J. Negroni, "Energy-balance control of PV cascaded multilevel grid-connected inverters under level-shifted and phase-shifted PWMs," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 98-111, 2013. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2186108
[19]	X. Tang, Q. Yang, K. Wang, B. Stoevesandt, and Y. Sun, "Optimisation of wind farm layout in complex terrain via mixed-installation of different types of turbines," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1065-1073, 2018. doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0787
[20]	T. -F. Wu, Y. -K. Chen, and Y. -H. Huang, "3C strategy for inverters in parallel operation achieving an equal current distribution," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 273-281, 2000. doi: 10.1109/41.836342
[21]	K. -S. Low and R. Cao, "Model predictive control of parallel-connected inverters for uninterruptible power supplies," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 2884-2893, 2008. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.918474
[22]	K. Tan, X. Peng, P. L. So, Y. C. Chu, and M. Chen, "Centralized control for parallel operation of distributed generation inverters in microgrids," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1977-1987, 2012. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2205952
[23]	Y. J. Cheng and E. K. K. Sng, "A novel communication strategy for decentralized control of paralleled multi-inverter systems," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 148-156, 2006. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2005.861194
[24]	K. Wang, X. Huang, B. Fan, Q. Yang, G. Li, and M. L. Crow, "Decentralized power sharing control for parallel-connected inverters in islanded single-phase micro-grids," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 6721-6730, 2018. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2720683
[25]	J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, L. G. De Vicuna, and M. Castilla, "Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC microgrids——a general approach toward standardization," IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 158-172, 2011. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2066534
[26]	L. -Y. Lu and C. -C. Chu, "Consensus-based droop control synthesis for multiple DICs in isolated micro-grids," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 2243-2256, 2015. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2368135
[27]	I. U. Nutkani, P. C. Loh, P. Wang, and F. Blaabjerg, "Cost-prioritized droop schemes for autonomous AC microgrids," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 1109-1119, 2015. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2313605
[28]	J. Gurrero, L. G. De Vicuna, and J. Uceda, "Uninterruptible power supply systems provide protection," IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28-38, 2007. doi: 10.1109/MIE.2007.357184
[29]	J. Duan, C. Wang, H. Xu, W. Liu, J. -C. Peng, and H. Jiang, "Distributed control of inverter-interfaced microgrids with bounded transient line currents," IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 2052- 2061, 2018. doi: 10.1109/TII.2018.2791988
[30]	W. Zhang, Y. Xu, W. Liu, F. Ferrese, and L. Liu, "Fully distributed coordination of multiple DFIGs in a microgrid for load sharing," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 806-815, 2013. doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2234149
[31]	J. A. Juárez-Abad, J. Linares-Flores, E. Guzmán-Ramrez, and H. Sira-Ramirez, "Generalized proportional integral tracking controller for a single-phase multilevel cascade inverter: An FPGA implementation," ÍEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 256-266, 2014. doi: 10.1109/TII.9424
[32]	B. Fan, Q. Yang, S. Jagannathan, and Y. Sun, "Asymptotic tracking controller design for nonlinear systems with guaranteed performance," IEEE Trans. Cybernetics, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 2001-2011, 2018. doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2017.2726039
[33]	Q. Yang, S. S. Ge, and Y. Sun, "Adaptive actuator fault tolerant control for uncertain nonlinear systems with multiple actuators," Automatica, vol. 60, pp. 92-99, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2015.07.006
[34]	J. -J. E. Slotine, W. Li, et al., Applied Nonlinear Control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1991.
[35]	S. S. Ge and C. Wang, "Adaptive neural control of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems," IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 674-692, 2004. doi: 10.1109/TNN.2004.826130
[36]	B. Li, B. Fan, Q. Yang, C. Wang, and W. Liu, "Adaptive performance-guaranteed control of UPS systems," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2016, pp. 258-263.

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(14) / Tables(2)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article Metrics

Article views (1558) PDF downloads(61)

Distributed Control of Multiple-Bus Microgrid With Paralleled Distributed Generators

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2019.1911477

Abstract

References

Proportional views

Catalog

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Article Metrics

Export File

Citation

Format

Content