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Volume 9 Issue 3
Mar.  2022

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica

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H. Wu, X. Luo, M. C. Zhou, M. J. Rawa, K. Sedraoui, and A. Albeshri, “A PID-incorporated latent factorization of tensors approach to dynamically weighted directed network analysis,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 533–546, Mar. 2022. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2021.1004308
Citation: H. Wu, X. Luo, M. C. Zhou, M. J. Rawa, K. Sedraoui, and A. Albeshri, “A PID-incorporated latent factorization of tensors approach to dynamically weighted directed network analysis,” IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 533–546, Mar. 2022. doi: 10.1109/JAS.2021.1004308

A PID-incorporated Latent Factorization of Tensors Approach to Dynamically Weighted Directed Network Analysis

doi: 10.1109/JAS.2021.1004308
Funds:  This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61772493), the CAAI-Huawei MindSpore Open Fund (CAAIXSJLJJ-2020-004B), in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing of China (cstc2019jcyjjqX0013), in part by the Pioneer Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in part by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (FP-165-43)
More Information
  • A large-scale dynamically weighted directed network (DWDN) involving numerous entities and massive dynamic interaction is an essential data source in many big-data-related applications, like in a terminal interaction pattern analysis system (TIPAS). It can be represented by a high-dimensional and incomplete (HDI) tensor whose entries are mostly unknown. Yet such an HDI tensor contains a wealth knowledge regarding various desired patterns like potential links in a DWDN. A latent factorization-of-tensors (LFT) model proves to be highly efficient in extracting such knowledge from an HDI tensor, which is commonly achieved via a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) solver. However, an SGD-based LFT model suffers from slow convergence that impairs its efficiency on large-scale DWDNs. To address this issue, this work proposes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-incorporated LFT model. It constructs an adjusted instance error based on the PID control principle, and then substitutes it into an SGD solver to improve the convergence rate. Empirical studies on two DWDNs generated by a real TIPAS show that compared with state-of-the-art models, the proposed model achieves significant efficiency gain as well as highly competitive prediction accuracy when handling the task of missing link prediction for a given DWDN.

     

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    Highlights

    • It proposes a PLFT model that performs latent feature analysis on an HDI tensor with high efficiency and accuracy
    • It presents detailed algorithm design and analysis for PLFT, which provides specific guidance for researchers to implement a PLFT model for DWDN analyses
    • It conducts empirical studies on two large-scale DWDNs from a real system to show PLFT’s impressively high efficiency and competitive link prediction accuracy

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